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The Religion of India: The Sociology of Hinduism and Buddhism
''The Religion of India: The Sociology of Hinduism and Buddhism'' is a book on the sociology of religion written by Max Weber, a German economist and sociologist of the early twentieth century. The original edition was in German and published in 1916.〔http://www.sagepub.com/mcdonaldizationstudy5/references.htm〕 An English translation was made in 1958 and several editions have been released since then.
It was his third major work on the sociology of religion, after ''The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism'' and ''The Religion of China: Confucianism and Taoism''. In this work he deals with the structure of Indian society, with the orthodox doctrines of Hinduism and the heterodox doctrines of Buddhism, with the changes wrought by popular religiosity and their influence on the secular ethic of Indian society.〔Reinhard Bendix, ''Max Weber: an intellectual portrait'', University of California Press, 1977, p.142〕
==The Hindu social system==
The Indian social system was influenced by the concept of caste (varna).〔 It directly linked religious belief and the segregation of society into status groups. Weber goes on to describe the caste system (the Brahmins - priests, the Kshatriyas - warriors, the Vaisyas - merchants, the Sudras - laborers and the untouchables).
Weber pays special attention to Brahmins and considers why they occupied the highest place in Indian society for many centuries. With regards to the concept of dharma he concludes that the Indian ethical pluralism is very different both from the universal ethic of Confucianism and Christianity. He notes that the caste system prevented the development of urban status groups.〔Reinhard Bendix, ''Max Weber: an intellectual portrait'', University of California Press, 1977, p.147-148〕
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